Cliff Richard Song Database - Mono Versus Stereo

Cliff Richard Song Database
Mono Versus Stereo

Click HERE to return to the Cliff Richard Song Database page

The Recording Techniques

This section only examines the recording techniques that Cliff used in his early career using one- and two-track machines. It does not review the mono or stereo releases except for how they provide information on how Cliff recorded his music. All information provided here is based upon the Peter Lewry and Nigel Goodall books The Complete Recordings Sessions and The Complete Chronicles as well as observations of Cliff's released recordings.

Terms and Definitions

One-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts all audio information into one channel on the tape. One-track recordings can only produce mono tracks.
Two-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts different audio information into two channels on the tape. Two-track recordings can produce either mono or stereo tracks, although most often in Cliff's pre-1962 career they were used to make stereo tracks exclusively.
Multi-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts different audio information into two or more channels on the tape. Multi-track recordings can produce either mono or stereo tracks. Cliff did not use multi-track recording beyond two-track until some undetermined time in 1961 or 1962.
Stereo - Audio format where different sounds are intended to be played back simultaneously through both right and left channels.
Mono - Audio format where all sound is intended to be played back through a single channel or the same signal played back simultaneously through both right and left channels.
Mastering - The process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device.

Terms and Definitions
One-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts all audio information into one channel on the tape. One-track recordings can only produce mono tracks. Two-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts different audio information into two channels on the tape. Two-track recordings can produce either mono or stereo tracks, although most often in Cliff's pre-1962 career they were used to make stereo tracks exclusively. Multi-track recording - Recording to a recorder that puts different audio information into two or more channels on the tape. Multi-track recordings can produce either mono or stereo tracks. Cliff did not use multi-track recording beyond two-track until some undetermined time in 1961 or 1962. Stereo - Audio format where different sounds are intended to be played back simultaneously through both right and left channels. Mono - Audio format where all sound is intended to be played back through a single channel or the same signal played back simultaneously through both right and left channels. Mastering - The process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device.

In a nutshell, at the beginning of Cliff's career he was recording exclusively on one-track recording machines for songs intended for single release and simultaneously on one-track and two-track recorders (separate machines) for the songs intended for LP or EP release. In mid-1960, he switched to recording on two-track recorders only, regardless of the mono or stereo format on which the songs were intended to be released, and all mono versions were mixed separately from the two-track recordings. Of course, there are exceptions to the above statements which are detailed below. This section also does not address when and how Cliff began using multi-track machines beyond a simple two-track recorder, as that is difficult (if not impossible) to determine with the limited resources available. All of this has led to some interesting variations in Cliff's recordings beyond the simple mono and stereo variations-- variations such as alternate takes, alternate edits and alternate mixes.

The table below shows a graphical representation of recording techniques that Cliff used from July 1958 to July 1961, when the recording on multi-track machines appears to have stabilized as the standard technique.

x Recorded on one-track recorder only

x Recorded simultaneously on both one-track and two-track recorders

x Recorded on two-track recorder only

x Recorded some songs on one-track recorder only
and some on both one-track and two-track

x No Recording done

May 1958

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

June 1958

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

July 1958

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

August 1958

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

September 1958

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

October 1958

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31

November 1958

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30

December 1958

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

January 1959

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

February 1959

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

March 1959

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

April 1959

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

May 1959

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

June 1959

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

July 1959

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31

August 1959

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31

September 1959

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30

October 1959

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

November 1959

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

December 1959

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

January 1960

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

February 1960

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29

March 1960

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

April 1960

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

May 1960

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

June 1960

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

July 1960

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

August 1960

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

September 1960

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30

October 1960

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31

November 1960

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30

December 1960

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

January 1961

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

February 1961

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28

March 1961

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31

April 1961

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30

May 1961

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

June 1961

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30

July 1961

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31

August 1961

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

September 1961

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

October 1961

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

In the very early days of Cliff's career, multi-track recording was still a relatively new technique. It was a more expensive process, calling on costly equipment and the expertise of skilled sound engineers. As Cliff was an unproven artist in the early days and as most pop singles at that time were released in mono format only, all of Cliff's very early material from 1958 was recorded for mono only on one-track recorders. This includes not only the singles of the period, but the Oh Boy! album tracks as well.

Any stereo versions of songs from this period are not true stereo, but mock stereo-- a technique to separate the mono track into two separate slightly out of phase tracks, giving the song a fuller sound and slight echo effect. The technique of creating mock stereo tracks was started in the early 1960s, came to prominence in the early 1970s, but had fallen out of favor by the mid-1980s and is today generally considered an undesirable format.

As Cliff's success grew, the decision was made to invest in two-track recordings for his full length albums. Thus beginning in 1959 until June of 1960, the Cliff, Cliff Sings and Me And My Shadows LPs and a handful of other non-LP songs (including, but not limited to the Expresso Bongo EP tracks and Willie And The Hand Jive) were recorded simultaneously on one- and two-track machines. As a result, many of these songs have interesting variations. Certainly on the very early material, such as the Cliff album that was recorded using this technique, the use of separate machines is evident when comparing the mono and stereo recordings side by side. The songs-- although the same take-- often go in and out of phase with each other as the result of the tape machines running at slightly different and variable speeds. Later in 1959 and early 1960, this tape drift is not as obvious (if not missing altogether), but as there were separate one-track and two-track recording engineers and there are a lot of song variations, it is presumed that the songs were still recorded separately, although there is not solid proof of this.

This technique of recording simultaneously on both machines has also led to many interesting variations. Songs such as Mean Woman Blues and She's Gone have different fade-outs. Many songs, such as The Snake And The Bookworm, I Gotta Know and I'm Willing To Learn are completely different takes. It's not always clear why different takes were chosen for the stereo and mono releases of these songs, but it is presumed that the recording of one or the other was deemed inadequate due to a recording error and an alternate take was used. And in a few cases, the band can be heard experimenting with recording directly to the one-track master recording, such as the harmony vocals added to the intro of Tell Me and an added guitar track to I Love You So.

During this same period of 1959 to June of 1960, songs intended for single release were recorded to one-track machines only. Thus songs such as Please Don't Tease, Fall In Love With You and Dynamite are mono only. The songs recorded for the Serious Charge EP, including the #1 hit Living Doll were only recorded on one-track as well. The few exceptions include Never Mind, Don't Be Mad At Me, Willie And The Hand Jive and Nine Times Out Of Ten, which were recorded on two-track machines and it's probably the case that they were simultaneously recorded in mono, but that remains unclear because no obvious differences can be determined (with the exception of Willie And The Hand Jive which is addressed below). It is also known that during this period, recording of mono tracks were created with a two-track recorder, where layers were added to a song (such as strings or backing vocals) by bouncing the performances back and forth on the two tracks. Perhaps these songs were recorded using this technique and were an experiment in two-track recording. Or perhaps they were not originally meant for singles so were recorded on a one-track machine. Whatever the reason they were recorded on two-track machines during this period remains a mystery.

The curiosities of the Willie And The Hand Jive releases bear special attention as it gives some insight into how it was recorded. The original single release was in mono only. The first appearance of a stereo recording, although missing the backing vocals, surfaced on the 1987 Rock On With Cliff Richard compilation (Music For Pleasure MFP6005). This proves that the song was recorded on a multi-track machine. It is the same basic take as the mono version, so they were probably recorded simultaneously on separate machines. However, only the mono version of the song features The Shadows on backing vocals. It is likely that the backing vocals were recorded directly to the mono master tape, which is why a stereo version with the backing vocals does not exist. A mock stereo version of the mono version of Willie And The Hand Jive (with backing vocals) was created in the 1970s for a Reader's Digest compilation and this is where things get complicated. Since the mock stereo technique was falling out of favor in the 1980s, the 1980 Rock On With Cliff compilation (Music For Pleasure MFP50467) made the error of taking the mock stereo version and mixing it down to mono. This mock-stereo-mixed-to-mono has a strange sound and is an altogether unpleasant experience. All releases of the song since 1980 have been either this mock-stereo-mixed-to-mono or the undubbed stereo version. No true stereo version of the song with backing vocals has ever been released. And the true original mono version with backing vocals has never been released since the original 1960 single!

Also of note is that the 1960 sessions on March 25 and March 30 appear to be mixed, with some songs being recorded (or having survived) on one-track machines only and some being recorded on both one- and two-track machines. The March 25 session produced a mono only version of Please Don't Tease and a stereo (and possibly mono) version of Tell Me. The March 30 session produced an alternate intro for Tell Me that was edited onto the earlier recorded two-track recording and yielding the final one-track recording of the song. Several other songs were recorded at the March 30 session that were recorded in both formats, but the alternate intro version of Tell Me has only ever appeared in mono from this session. It is also known that during this period, the recording of mono tracks were created by bouncing overdubs back and forth on a two-track machine, so it is likely that the curiosities from these dates is a result of this.

Beginning in July of 1960, Cliff began recording exclusively on two-track recorders and all mono masters were mixed from the two-track recording. Thus there are very few variations between the mono and stereo versions of the songs recorded after this point (other than the mix). The only known exception to this is the two foreign release single songs, Bin Verliebt and Die Stimme Der Liebe, which were recorded on one-track machines only. These were probably recorded only on one-track machines because they were done fast and cheap for the foreign market and there is a possibility that the backing tracks were recorded without The Shadows in Germany (despite what the Lewry and Goodall publications claim) and Cliff simply did a vocal overdub directly to the one-track master.

Again, the evidence for this is taken from information provided in the books The Complete Recordings Sessions and The Complete Chronicles and observations of the released songs. It is very possible (and likely) that some of this is not 100% correct. Any corrections or comments are welcome.

Below is another graphic that examines each session chronologically and addresses the songs that were recorded and their releases. This was also used to support the above statements.

Session Date Song Title Recording Format Session Engineer Original Release Notes

July 1958 Breathless One-track Unknown The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)

July 1958 Lawdy Miss Clawdy One-track Unknown The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)

July 24 1958 Schoolboy Crush One-track Malcolm Addey Schoolboy Crush 7" single (1958 August 29)

July 24 1958 Move It One-track Malcolm Addey Schoolboy Crush 7" single (1958 August 29)

October 3 1958 High Class Baby One-track Malcolm Addey High Class Baby 7" single (1958 November)

October 3 1958 My Feet Hit The Ground One-track Malcolm Addey High Class Baby 7" single (1958 November)

October 3 1958 Don't Bug Me Baby One-track Malcolm Addey The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)

October 21 1958 TV Hop One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

October 21 1958 Rockin' Robin One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

October 21 1958 High School Confidential One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

October 21 1958 King Creole One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

October 21 1958 I'll Try One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

October 21 1958 Somebody Touched Me One-track Malcolm Addey (vocal) Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)

November 14 1958 Livin' Lovin' Doll One-track Malcolm Addey Livin' Lovin' Doll 7" single (1959 January)

November 14 1958 Mean Streak One-track Malcolm Addey Mean Streak 7" single (1959 April)

November 19 1958 Steady With You One-track Malcolm Addey Livin' Lovin' Doll 7" single (1959 January)

February 9 or 10 1959 Apron Strings One- and Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 My Babe One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Down The Line One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 I Get The Feeling One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Baby I Don't Care One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Donna One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Move It One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Ready Teddy One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Too Much One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Don't Bug Me Baby One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 That'll Be The Day One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Danny One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 Whole Lotta Shakin' One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono]
Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]

February 9 or 10 1959 One Night One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997) [mono]

March 9 1959 Never Mind One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Mean Streak 7" single (1959 April) [mono]
Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]

April 28 1959 Living Doll One-track Malcolm Addey Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)

April 28 1959 No Turning Back One-track Malcolm Addey Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)

April 28 1959 Mad About You One-track Malcolm Addey Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)

May 25 1959 Apron Strings One-track Malcolm Addey Living Doll 7" single (1959 July)

July 25 1959 Travellin' Light One-track Malcolm Addey Travellin' Light 7" single (1959 October)

July 25 1959 Dynamite (Alternate) One-track Malcolm Addey Travellin' Light Holland 7" single (1959)

July 26 1959 The Snake And The Bookworm One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd (mono) / Peter Bown & Stuart Eltham (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]

July 26 1959 I Gotta Know One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd (mono) / Peter Bown & Stuart Eltham (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]

September 6 1959 Dynamite One-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Travellin' Light 7" single (1959 October) 1

September 6 1959 Here Comes Summer One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]

September 6 1959 Twenty Flight Rock One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]

September 6 1959 Snake And The Bookworm (Alternate) One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]

September 6 1959 I Gotta Know One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]

September 6 1959 Choppin' 'N' Changin' One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October 7 � UK � Columbia 33SX 1261) [mono]

September 7 1959 Blue Suede Shoes One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]

September 7 1959 Pointed Toe Shoes One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]

September 7 1959 Mean Woman Blues One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]

September 8 1959 I'm Walkin' One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]

September 8 1959 Love One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono]
Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]

September 8 1959 A Voice In The Wilderness (EP Version) One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono]
Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]

September 9 1959 I'll String Along With You One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]

September 9 1959 Little Things Mean A Lot One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]

September 9 1959 Somewhere Along The Way One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]

September 9 1959 That's My Desire One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]

September 10 1959 Embraceable You One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]

September 10 1959 As Time Goes By One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]

September 10 1959 The Touch Of Your Lips One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]

September 10 1959 I Don't Know Why One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo) Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]

October 19 1959 The Shrine On The Second Floor One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Alan Kane (stereo) Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono]
Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]

November 19 1959 Fall In Love With You One-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo) Fall In Love With You 7" single (1960 March) [mono] 2

November 19 1959 Don't Be Mad At Me One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo) A Voice In The Wilderness 7" single (1960 January) [mono]
The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]

November 19 1959 Willie And The Hand Jive One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo) Fall In Love With You 7" single (1960 March) [mono]
Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo] 3

December 20 1959 A Voice In The Wilderness One-track Malcolm Addey A Voice In The Wilderness 7" single (1960 January) [mono]

March 15 1960 Nine Times Out Of Ten One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Nine Times Out Of Ten 7" single (1960 September) [mono]
Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]

March 15 1960 I Don't Know One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 16 1960 Thinking Of Our Love One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Nine Times Out Of Ten 7" single (1960 September) [mono]
The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]

March 16 1960 Evergreen Tree One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 16 1960 Left Out Again One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 16 1960 You're Just The One To Do It One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 17 1960 She's Gone One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 17 1960 Gee Whizz It's You One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 17 1960 I Love You So One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 25 1960 Please Don't Tease One-track Malcolm Addey Please Don't Tease 7" single (1960 June) [mono] 4

March 25 1960 Tell Me (basic track) One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 30 1960 Tell Me (acapella intro) One-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] 5

March 30 1960 Where Is My Heart One-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Please Don't Tease 7" single (1960 June) [mono] 6

March 30 1960 I'm Gonna Get You One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 30 1960 I Cannot Find A True Love One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

March 30 1960 Lamp Of Love One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

April 1 1960 You And I One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

April 1 1960 Working After School One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

April 1 1960 I Live For You One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]
Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]

June 24 1960 We Have It Made One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo] 7

June 24 1960 I'm Willing To Learn One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo] 7

June 24 1960 Choppin' 'N' Changin' One- & Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo) Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo] 7

July 26 1960 Memories Linger On Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

July 26 1960 It's You Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

September 9 1960 I Love You Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd I Love You 7" single (1960 December) [mono]
Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]

September 9 1960 'D' In Love Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd I Love You 7" single (1960 December) [mono]
Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]

September 9 1960 Catch Me Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

September 20 1960 Now's The Time To Fall In Love Two-track Malcolm Addey A Girl Like You 7" single (1961 June) [mono]
The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]

September 27 1960 True Love Will Come To You (Alternate) Two-track Malcolm Addey Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo] 8

October 13 1960 True Love Will Come To You Two-track Malcolm Addey Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]

October 13 1960 First Lesson In Love Two-track Malcolm Addey Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

October 13 1960 I Want You To Know (Alternate) Two-track Malcolm Addey Listen To Cliff! South Africa LP album (1961) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo] 9

November 17 1960 Blue Moon Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

November 17 1960 Idle Gossip Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

November 17 1960 We Kiss In A Shadow Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] 10

December 5 1960 Bin Verliebt One-track Malcolm Addey Bin Verliebt 7" single (1961 January) [mono] 11

December 5 1960 Die Stimme Der Liebe One-track Malcolm Addey Bin Verliebt 7" single (1961 January) [mono] 11

January 11 1961 Almost Like Being In Love Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

January 28 1961 Theme For A Dream Two-track Malcolm Addey Theme For A Dream 7" single (1961 February) [mono]
Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]

January 28 1961 Mumblin' Mosie Two-track Malcolm Addey Theme For A Dream 7" single (1961 February) [mono]
The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]

January 28 1961 A Girl Like You Two-track Malcolm Addey A Girl Like You 7" single (1961 June) [mono]
Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]

January 28 1961 Tough Enough Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

January 30 1961 How Wonderful To Know Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

January 30 1961 Fifty Tears For Every Kiss Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

January 30 1961 Outsider Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

January 30 1961 To Prove My Love For You Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

January 30 1961 A Mightly Lonely Man Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

March 4 1961 What'd I Say Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

March 4 1961 Unchained Melody Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]

March 4 1961 I Want You To Know Two-track Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]

April 10 1961 Sch�n Wie Ein Traum Two-track Malcolm Addey Sch�n Wie Ein Traum 7" single (1961 June) [mono]
On The Continent CD album (1997 November) [stereo]

April 10 1961 Vreneli Two-track Malcolm Addey Sch�n Wie Ein Traum 7" single (1961 June) [mono] 12

April 19 1961 Poor Boy Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

April 19 1961 My Blue Heaven Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 4 1961 Forty Days Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 4 1961 The Night Is So Lonely Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 4 1961 Tea For Two Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 11 1961 Y'Arriva Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 11 1961 Without You Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 11 1961 Shame On You Two-track Malcolm Addey 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 28 1961 Happy Birthday To You Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]

July 28 1961 We Say Yeah Two-track Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith The Young Ones LP album (1961 December) [mono]
The Young Ones LP album (1961 December) [stereo]

1 Although two-track recordings were done at the September 6, 1959 session, the recording of Dynamite from this session has only ever been released in mono. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.

2 Although two-track recordings were done at the November 19, 1959 session, the recording of Fall In Love With You from this session has only ever been released in mono and mock stereo. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.

3 A stereo version of Willie And The Hand Jive with backing vocals has never been released and probably does not exist. From evidence of the released material, it appears that the backing vocals were mixed directly to the one-track tape for mono release, but not the two-track recording.

4 As a two-track recording of Tell Me was done at the March 25, 1960 session and stereo engineers were used, it may be the case the Please Don't Tease was also recorded in on a two-track machine, but has not yet been mixed and released. It may also be the case that as this song was recorded with the expectation that it would be a single release only, it was only recorded on a one-track machine. It is assumed that it was only recorded on a one-track machine.

5 The acapella intro for Tell Me was likely recorded direct to the one-track mono master, thus a stereo version with the acapella intro does not exist.

6 Although two-track recordings were done at the March 30, 1960 session, the recording of Where Is My Heart from this session has only ever been released in mono. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.

7 Documentation indicates that songs from the June 24, 1960 were recorded on both one- and two-track machines. However no mono recordings from this session have been released. Could these be the first true stereo recordings? The mono and stereo releases of We Have It Made and I'm Willing To Learn are different takes and no documentation exists that indicates when the mono takes were recorded. They may have been from the same session, but that is uncertain. Also, the released mono recording of Choppin' 'N' Changin' is from an earlier session, so it is also uncertain if a one-track recording of the song was done at this session.

8 The September 27, 1960 session produced an alternate take of True Love Will Come To You which has only ever been released in stereo format. As no mono mix of this take has been released, it is assumed that the song was only recorded in on a two-track machine and a mono mix was never done for this recording.

9 Although the mono version of I Want You To Know from the March 4, 1961 recording session was the preferred version for this song, the mono version of this song from the October 13, 1960 session slipped out on the South African release of the Listen To Cliff! album, demonstrating that the song was mixed to mono from the two-track recording.

10 The stereo version of We Kiss In A Shadow is a previously undocumented alternate version, so the record date of that version is uncertain. It is assumed that it is from the same session.

11 Although the record credits The Shadows as playing on Bin Verliebt and Die Stimme Der Liebe, it appears from audio evidence that they were not really on the track and all instruments are by Berlipp's Band. It is always possible (and somewhat likely) that Cliff's German vocals and the Berlipp's Band instrumentation were recorded separately (possibly on a multi-track) and mixed together straight to a one-track mono master.

12 The recording of Sch�n Wie Ein Traum from this session has been released in stereo, demonstrating that two-track recording was performed during the April 10, 1960 session. However, a stereo version of Vreneli has never been released so it is uncertain if it was ever truly recorded on two-track. It is also possible that the April 10, 1960 session refers only to Cliff's vocal take and the instrumental parts were recorded on a separate undocumented date.

Session Date	Song Title	Recording Format	Session Engineer	Original Release	Notes
July 1958	Breathless	One-track	Unknown	The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)
July 1958	Lawdy Miss Clawdy	One-track	Unknown	The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)
July 24 1958	Schoolboy Crush	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Schoolboy Crush 7" single (1958 August 29)
July 24 1958	Move It	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Schoolboy Crush 7" single (1958 August 29)
October 3 1958	High Class Baby	One-track	Malcolm Addey	High Class Baby 7" single (1958 November)
October 3 1958	My Feet Hit The Ground	One-track	Malcolm Addey	High Class Baby 7" single (1958 November)
October 3 1958	Don't Bug Me Baby	One-track	Malcolm Addey	The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997)
October 21 1958	TV Hop	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
October 21 1958	Rockin' Robin	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
October 21 1958	High School Confidential	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
October 21 1958	King Creole	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
October 21 1958	I'll Try	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
October 21 1958	Somebody Touched Me	One-track	Malcolm Addey (vocal)	Oh Boy! LP album (1958 December)
November 14 1958	Livin' Lovin' Doll	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Livin' Lovin' Doll 7" single (1959 January)
November 14 1958	Mean Streak	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Mean Streak 7" single (1959 April)
November 19 1958	Steady With You	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Livin' Lovin' Doll 7" single (1959 January)
February 9 or 10 1959	Apron Strings	One- and Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	My Babe	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Down The Line	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	I Get The Feeling	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Baby I Don't Care	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Donna	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Move It	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Ready Teddy	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Too Much	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Don't Bug Me Baby	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	That'll Be The Day	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Danny	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	Whole Lotta Shakin'	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Cliff LP album (1959 April) [mono] Cliff No. 1 EP (1959 June) [stereo]
February 9 or 10 1959	One Night	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997) [mono]
March 9 1959	Never Mind	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Mean Streak 7" single (1959 April) [mono] Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]
April 28 1959	Living Doll	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)
April 28 1959	No Turning Back	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)
April 28 1959	Mad About You	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Serious Charge EP (1959 May or July)
May 25 1959	Apron Strings	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Living Doll 7" single (1959 July)
July 25 1959	Travellin' Light	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Travellin' Light 7" single (1959 October)
July 25 1959	Dynamite (Alternate)	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Travellin' Light Holland 7" single (1959)
July 26 1959	The Snake And The Bookworm	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd (mono) / Peter Bown & Stuart Eltham (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
July 26 1959	I Gotta Know	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd (mono) / Peter Bown & Stuart Eltham (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono]
September 6 1959	Dynamite	One-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Travellin' Light 7" single (1959 October)	1
September 6 1959	Here Comes Summer	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]
September 6 1959	Twenty Flight Rock	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]
September 6 1959	Snake And The Bookworm (Alternate)	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]
September 6 1959	I Gotta Know	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]
September 6 1959	Choppin' 'N' Changin'	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Peter Bown & Norman Smith (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October 7 � UK � Columbia 33SX 1261) [mono]
September 7 1959	Blue Suede Shoes	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 1 EP (1960 February) [stereo]
September 7 1959	Pointed Toe Shoes	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]
September 7 1959	Mean Woman Blues	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]
September 8 1959	I'm Walkin'	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 2 EP (1960 March) [stereo]
September 8 1959	Love	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono] Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]
September 8 1959	A Voice In The Wilderness (EP Version)	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono] Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]
September 9 1959	I'll String Along With You	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]
September 9 1959	Little Things Mean A Lot	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]
September 9 1959	Somewhere Along The Way	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]
September 9 1959	That's My Desire	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]
September 10 1959	Embraceable You	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]
September 10 1959	As Time Goes By	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]
September 10 1959	The Touch Of Your Lips	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 3 EP (1960 April) [stereo]
September 10 1959	I Don't Know Why	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Norman Smith (stereo)	Cliff Sings LP album (1959 November) [mono] Cliff Sings No. 4 EP (1960 September) [stereo]
October 19 1959	The Shrine On The Second Floor	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Alan Kane (stereo)	Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [mono] Expresso Bongo EP (1960 January) [stereo]
November 19 1959	Fall In Love With You	One-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo)	Fall In Love With You 7" single (1960 March) [mono]	2
November 19 1959	Don't Be Mad At Me	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo)	A Voice In The Wilderness 7" single (1960 January) [mono] The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]
November 19 1959	Willie And The Hand Jive	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Alan Kane (mono) / Stuart Eltham & Peter Bown (stereo)	Fall In Love With You 7" single (1960 March) [mono] Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]	3
December 20 1959	A Voice In The Wilderness	One-track	Malcolm Addey	A Voice In The Wilderness 7" single (1960 January) [mono]
March 15 1960	Nine Times Out Of Ten	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Nine Times Out Of Ten 7" single (1960 September) [mono] Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]
March 15 1960	I Don't Know	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 16 1960	Thinking Of Our Love	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Nine Times Out Of Ten 7" single (1960 September) [mono] The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]
March 16 1960	Evergreen Tree	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 16 1960	Left Out Again	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 16 1960	You're Just The One To Do It	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 17 1960	She's Gone	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 17 1960	Gee Whizz It's You	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 17 1960	I Love You So	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 25 1960	Please Don't Tease	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Please Don't Tease 7" single (1960 June) [mono]	4
March 25 1960	Tell Me (basic track)	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 30 1960	Tell Me (acapella intro)	One-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono]	5
March 30 1960	Where Is My Heart	One-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Please Don't Tease 7" single (1960 June) [mono]	6
March 30 1960	I'm Gonna Get You	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 30 1960	I Cannot Find A True Love	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
March 30 1960	Lamp Of Love	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
April 1 1960	You And I	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
April 1 1960	Working After School	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
April 1 1960	I Live For You	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [mono] Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]
June 24 1960	We Have It Made	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]	7
June 24 1960	I'm Willing To Learn	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]	7
June 24 1960	Choppin' 'N' Changin'	One- & Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith (mono) / Peter Bown & Alan Kane (stereo)	Me And My Shadows LP album (1960 October) [stereo]	7
July 26 1960	Memories Linger On	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
July 26 1960	It's You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
September 9 1960	I Love You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	I Love You 7" single (1960 December) [mono] Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]
September 9 1960	'D' In Love	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	I Love You 7" single (1960 December) [mono] Rock On With Cliff Richard CD album (1987) [stereo]
September 9 1960	Catch Me	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
September 20 1960	Now's The Time To Fall In Love	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	A Girl Like You 7" single (1961 June) [mono] The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]
September 27 1960	True Love Will Come To You (Alternate)	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]	8
October 13 1960	True Love Will Come To You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]
October 13 1960	First Lesson In Love	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
October 13 1960	I Want You To Know (Alternate)	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Listen To Cliff! South Africa LP album (1961) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]	9
November 17 1960	Blue Moon	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
November 17 1960	Idle Gossip	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
November 17 1960	We Kiss In A Shadow	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono]	10
December 5 1960	Bin Verliebt	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Bin Verliebt 7" single (1961 January) [mono]	11
December 5 1960	Die Stimme Der Liebe	One-track	Malcolm Addey	Bin Verliebt 7" single (1961 January) [mono]	11
January 11 1961	Almost Like Being In Love	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
January 28 1961	Theme For A Dream	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Theme For A Dream 7" single (1961 February) [mono] Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]
January 28 1961	Mumblin' Mosie	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Theme For A Dream 7" single (1961 February) [mono] The Rock 'N' Roll Years 1958-1963 CD album (1997 June) [stereo]
January 28 1961	A Girl Like You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	A Girl Like You 7" single (1961 June) [mono] Cliff's Hit Album LP album (1971 August) [stereo]
January 28 1961	Tough Enough	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
January 30 1961	How Wonderful To Know	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
January 30 1961	Fifty Tears For Every Kiss	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
January 30 1961	Outsider	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
January 30 1961	To Prove My Love For You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
January 30 1961	A Mightly Lonely Man	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
March 4 1961	What'd I Say	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
March 4 1961	Unchained Melody	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [mono] Listen To Cliff! LP album (1961 May) [stereo]
March 4 1961	I Want You To Know	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & David Lloyd	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono]
April 10 1961	Sch�n Wie Ein Traum	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Sch�n Wie Ein Traum 7" single (1961 June) [mono] On The Continent CD album (1997 November) [stereo]
April 10 1961	Vreneli	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	Sch�n Wie Ein Traum 7" single (1961 June) [mono]	12
April 19 1961	Poor Boy	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
April 19 1961	My Blue Heaven	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 4 1961	Forty Days	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 4 1961	The Night Is So Lonely	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 4 1961	Tea For Two	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 11 1961	Y'Arriva	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 11 1961	Without You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 11 1961	Shame On You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 28 1961	Happy Birthday To You	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	21 Today LP album (1961 October) [mono] 21 Today LP album (1961 October) [stereo]
July 28 1961	We Say Yeah	Two-track	Malcolm Addey & Norman Smith	The Young Ones LP album (1961 December) [mono] The Young Ones LP album (1961 December) [stereo]
1 Although two-track recordings were done at the September 6, 1959 session, the recording of Dynamite from this session has only ever been released in mono. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.
2 Although two-track recordings were done at the November 19, 1959 session, the recording of Fall In Love With You from this session has only ever been released in mono and mock stereo. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.
3 A stereo version of Willie And The Hand Jive with backing vocals has never been released and probably does not exist. From evidence of the released material, it appears that the backing vocals were mixed directly to the one-track tape for mono release, but not the two-track recording.
4 As a two-track recording of Tell Me was done at the March 25, 1960 session and stereo engineers were used, it may be the case the Please Don't Tease was also recorded in on a two-track machine, but has not yet been mixed and released. It may also be the case that as this song was recorded with the expectation that it would be a single release only, it was only recorded on a one-track machine. It is assumed that it was only recorded on a one-track machine.
5 The acapella intro for Tell Me was likely recorded direct to the one-track mono master, thus a stereo version with the acapella intro does not exist.
6 Although two-track recordings were done at the March 30, 1960 session, the recording of Where Is My Heart from this session has only ever been released in mono. It is assumed that as this song was intended to be a single only, it was only recorded using a one-track machine.
7 Documentation indicates that songs from the June 24, 1960 were recorded on both one- and two-track machines. However no mono recordings from this session have been released. Could these be the first true stereo recordings? The mono and stereo releases of We Have It Made and I'm Willing To Learn are different takes and no documentation exists that indicates when the mono takes were recorded. They may have been from the same session, but that is uncertain. Also, the released mono recording of Choppin' 'N' Changin' is from an earlier session, so it is also uncertain if a one-track recording of the song was done at this session.
8 The September 27, 1960 session produced an alternate take of True Love Will Come To You which has only ever been released in stereo format. As no mono mix of this take has been released, it is assumed that the song was only recorded in on a two-track machine and a mono mix was never done for this recording.
9 Although the mono version of I Want You To Know from the March 4, 1961 recording session was the preferred version for this song, the mono version of this song from the October 13, 1960 session slipped out on the South African release of the Listen To Cliff! album, demonstrating that the song was mixed to mono from the two-track recording.
10 The stereo version of We Kiss In A Shadow is a previously undocumented alternate version, so the record date of that version is uncertain. It is assumed that it is from the same session.
11 Although the record credits The Shadows as playing on Bin Verliebt and Die Stimme Der Liebe, it appears from audio evidence that they were not really on the track and all instruments are by Berlipp's Band. It is always possible (and somewhat likely) that Cliff's German vocals and the Berlipp's Band instrumentation were recorded separately (possibly on a multi-track) and mixed together straight to a one-track mono master.
12 The recording of Sch�n Wie Ein Traum from this session has been released in stereo, demonstrating that two-track recording was performed during the April 10, 1960 session. However, a stereo version of Vreneli has never been released so it is uncertain if it was ever truly recorded on two-track. It is also possible that the April 10, 1960 session refers only to Cliff's vocal take and the instrumental parts were recorded on a separate undocumented date.

Although it is difficult to pinpoint when Cliff started using multi-track recorders with more than two-tracks, it is an educated guess that their use started with the April 4, 1962 session. This can be verified by the usage of split stereo. On the two-track recordings the instruments are spread across the two speakers, but when multi-track exceeding two-tracks was introduced the basic rhythm track was recorded all on one channel of the multi-track machine and audio evidence indicates the first recordings that have the rhythm section on one side and in some cases Cliff's vocal on the other side are the tracks recorded April 4, 1962, Walking The Blues and For Me, For You. On some of the remastered CDs, these wide splits have been brought more to the center but on the original vinyls the splits are very wide.

Also, as stated above, there are a handful of songs that were only ever recorded on one-track machines and were mixed to mock stereo at some point. The use of mock stereo is a strong indicator that these songs were never recorded on two-tracks or the two-track recordings were destroyed with the exception of Nine Times Out Of Ten which saw eventual release of an original stereo recording. These songs are:

Move It

High Class Baby

Living Doll

Travellin' Light

Fall In Love With You

Willie And The Hand Jive
with backing vocals

Please Don't Tease

Nine Times Out Of Ten

The Young Ones
with strings

More information on actual release variations between mono and stereo will be addressed at a later date.

If you notice any errors or omissions, please contact me at my email address, rlp321@juno.com. This page was written in large part with the help of fellow fans. Special thanks to Simon Palmer and Mike Ross Trevor for their assistance.

Robert Porter
May 2008

x	Recorded on one-track recorder only
x	Recorded simultaneously on both one-track and two-track recorders
x	Recorded on two-track recorder only
x	Recorded some songs on one-track recorder only and some on both one-track and two-track
x	No Recording done